Upgrade to CockroachDB v22.1

Because of CockroachDB's multi-active availability design, you can perform a "rolling upgrade" of your CockroachDB cluster. This means that you can upgrade nodes one at a time without interrupting the cluster's overall health and operations.

Step 1. Verify that you can upgrade

Run cockroach sql against any node in the cluster to open the SQL shell. Then check your current cluster version:

> SHOW CLUSTER SETTING version;

To upgrade to a new version, you must first be on a production release of the previous version. The release does not need to be the latest production release of the previous version, but it must be a production release and not a testing release (alpha/beta).

Therefore, to upgrade to v22.1:

• If your current CockroachDB version is a production release earlier than v21.2, or is a v21.2 testing release (alpha/beta):

  1. First upgrade to a production release of v21.2. Be sure to complete all the steps.
  2. Return to this page and perform a second rolling upgrade to v22.1, starting from step 2.

• If your current CockroachDB version is any v21.2 production release, or any earlier v22.1 release, you do not have to go through intermediate releases; continue to step 2.

Step 2. Prepare to upgrade

Before starting the upgrade, complete the following steps.

Check load balancing

Make sure your cluster is behind a load balancer, or your clients are configured to talk to multiple nodes. If your application communicates with a single node, stopping that node to upgrade its CockroachDB binary will cause your application to fail.

Check cluster health

Verify the overall health of your cluster using the DB Console:

• Under Node Status, make sure all nodes that should be live are listed as such. If any nodes are unexpectedly listed as SUSPECT or DEAD, identify why the nodes are offline and either restart them or decommission them before beginning your upgrade. If there are DEAD and non-decommissioned nodes in your cluster, it will not be possible to finalize the upgrade (either automatically or manually).

• Under Replication Status, make sure there are 0 under-replicated and unavailable ranges. Otherwise, performing a rolling upgrade increases the risk that ranges will lose a majority of their replicas and cause cluster unavailability. Therefore, it's important to identify and resolve the cause of range under-replication and/or unavailability before beginning your upgrade.

• In the Node List:

  • Make sure all nodes are on the same version. If any nodes are behind, upgrade them to the cluster's current version first, and then start this process over.

• In the Metrics dashboards:

  • Make sure CPU, memory, and storage capacity are within acceptable values for each node. Nodes must be able to tolerate some increase in case the new version uses more resources for your workload. If any of these metrics is above healthy limits, consider adding nodes to your cluster before beginning your upgrade.

Check decommissioned nodes

Check the membership field in the output of cockroach node status --decommission. Nodes with decommissioned membership are fully decommissioned, while nodes with decommissioning membership have not completed the process. If there are decommissioning nodes in your cluster, this will block the upgrade.

If you are upgrading from any cluster version prior to v21.1, then before upgrading from v20.2 to v21.1, you must manually change the status of any decommissioning nodes to decommissioned. To do this, run cockroach node decommission on these nodes and confirm that they update to decommissioned.

In case a decommissioning process is hung, recommission and then decommission those nodes again, and confirm that they update to decommissioned.

Review breaking changes

Review the backward-incompatible changes in v22.1 and deprecated features. If any affect your deployment, make the necessary changes before starting the rolling upgrade to v22.1.

Step 3. Decide how the upgrade will be finalized

By default, after all nodes are running the new version, the upgrade process will be auto-finalized. This will enable certain features and performance improvements introduced in v22.1. However, it will no longer be possible to perform a downgrade to v21.2. In the event of a catastrophic failure or corruption, the only option will be to start a new cluster using the previous binary and then restore from one of the backups created prior to performing the upgrade. For this reason, we recommend disabling auto-finalization so you can monitor the stability and performance of the upgraded cluster before finalizing the upgrade, but note that you will need to follow all of the subsequent directions, including the manual finalization in step 5:

1. Upgrade to v21.2, if you haven't already.

2. Start the cockroach sql shell against any node in the cluster.

3. Set the cluster.preserve_downgrade_option cluster setting:

   > SET CLUSTER SETTING cluster.preserve_downgrade_option = '21.2';
   

   It is only possible to set this setting to the current cluster version.

Features that require upgrade finalization

When upgrading from v21.2 to v22.1, certain features and performance improvements will be enabled only after finalizing the upgrade, including but not limited to:

• SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication: CockroachDB supports SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication for clients in both CockroachDB Cloud and CockroachDB Self-Hosted. For SQL client sessions, it is now possible to use the authentication methods password (cleartext passwords), and cert-password (TLS client cert or cleartext password) with either CRDB-BCRYPT or SCRAM-SHA-256 stored credentials.
• Row-Level Time to Live (TTL): CockroachDB has preview support for Time to Live ("TTL") expiration on table rows, also known as Row-Level TTL. Row-Level TTL is a mechanism whereby rows from a table are considered "expired" and can be automatically deleted once those rows have been stored longer than a specified expiration time.

For an expanded list of features included in the v22.1 release, see the v22.1 release notes.

Step 4. Perform the rolling upgrade

For each node in your cluster, complete the following steps. Be sure to upgrade only one node at a time, and wait at least one minute after a node rejoins the cluster to upgrade the next node. Simultaneously upgrading more than one node increases the risk that ranges will lose a majority of their replicas and cause cluster unavailability.

1. Drain and shut down the node.

2. Download and install the CockroachDB binary you want to use:

   Mac Linux

   $ curl https://binaries.cockroachdb.com/cockroach-v22.1.6.darwin-10.9-amd64.tgz|tar -xzf -
   

   $ curl https://binaries.cockroachdb.com/cockroach-v22.1.6.linux-amd64.tgz|tar -xzf -
   

3. If you use cockroach in your $PATH, rename the outdated cockroach binary, and then move the new one into its place:

   Mac Linux

   i="$(which cockroach)"; mv "$i" "$i"_old
   

   $ cp -i cockroach-v22.1.6.darwin-10.9-amd64/cockroach /usr/local/bin/cockroach
   

   i="$(which cockroach)"; mv "$i" "$i"_old
   

   $ cp -i cockroach-v22.1.6.linux-amd64/cockroach /usr/local/bin/cockroach
   

4. Start the node to have it rejoin the cluster.

   Without a process manager like systemd, re-run the cockroach start command that you used to start the node initially, for example:

   $ cockroach start \
   --certs-dir=certs \
   --advertise-addr=<node address> \
   --join=<node1 address>,<node2 address>,<node3 address>
   

   If you are using systemd as the process manager, run this command to start the node:

   $ systemctl start <systemd config filename>
   

5. Verify the node has rejoined the cluster through its output to stdout or through the DB Console.

6. If you use cockroach in your $PATH, you can remove the old binary:

   $ rm /usr/local/bin/cockroach_old
   

   If you leave versioned binaries on your servers, you do not need to do anything.

7. After the node has rejoined the cluster, ensure that the node is ready to accept a SQL connection.

   Unless there are tens of thousands of ranges on the node, it's usually sufficient to wait one minute. To be certain that the node is ready, run the following command:

   cockroach sql -e 'select 1'
   

   The command will automatically wait to complete until the node is ready.

8. Repeat these steps for the next node.

Step 5. Finish the upgrade

If you disabled auto-finalization in step 3, monitor the stability and performance of your cluster for as long as you require to feel comfortable with the upgrade (generally at least a day). If during this time you decide to roll back the upgrade, repeat the rolling restart procedure with the old binary.

Once you are satisfied with the new version:

1. Run cockroach sql against any node in the cluster to open the SQL shell.

2. Re-enable auto-finalization:

   > RESET CLUSTER SETTING cluster.preserve_downgrade_option;
   

   Note:

   This statement can take up to a minute to complete, depending on the amount of data in the cluster, as it kicks off various internal maintenance and migration tasks. During this time, the cluster will experience a small amount of additional load.

3. Check the cluster version to confirm that the finalize step has completed:

   > SHOW CLUSTER SETTING version;
   

Troubleshooting

After the upgrade has finalized (whether manually or automatically), it is no longer possible to downgrade to the previous release. If you are experiencing problems, we therefore recommend that you:

1. Run the cockroach debug zip command against any node in the cluster to capture your cluster's state.

2. Reach out for support from Cockroach Labs, sharing your debug zip.

In the event of catastrophic failure or corruption, the only option will be to start a new cluster using the old binary and then restore from one of the backups created prior to performing the upgrade.

See also

• Release Support Policy
• View Node Details
• Collect Debug Information
• View Version Details
• Release notes for our latest version

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